In order to learn something new, one needs to be well informed about the important terminologies and techniques. Such knowledge can be gained from various literature in the form of manuals and tutorials. Given here is a digital photography tutorial that provides a list of important digital camera and photography terminologies, along with their basic meaning.

Digital Photography Terminology:

? Aperture: It is the hole inside the lens, which allows light to enter.
? Blown Highlights: These are areas of a photo that are so bright they appear to be pure white.
? Compact Flash (CF) memory card: This is a popular type of memory card used to store images in digital photography.
? Charge-Coupled Device (CCD): This is a type of sensor that is commonly found in consumer level cameras.
? Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS): This is a sensor commonly found in profession digital cameras.
? Depth of field: This is a measure of the amount of a scene can be taken into focus.
? Diffuser: It is a opaque piece of plastic that is seated over the flashgun to soften te light emanating from the flashgun.
? Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR): In this digital camera format the image is recorded on a digital image sensor and then saved onto a memory card.
? File format: It is the digital file format on which an image is stored. These are mainly: JPEG, RAW or TIFF formats.
? Image editing software: It is used to manipulate an image once it is downloaded on a computer.
? Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG): This is a common type of lossy file format in which the image is saved after being clicked.
? Lenses: This mainly pertains to DSLR digital cameras, which have lenses to focus on the subject.
? Lossy/Lossless files: The image data is stored on the memory card as a computer file. If the data is completely stored, without any image loss then it is termed as lossless file. The lossy files are on the other hand compressed images, with some needless data lost when saving.
? Memory Card: This is also termed as the digital film where all images are sotred on being clicked.
? Noise: This is another term for the traditional film grain. Noise is in the form of colored patches that appear in the darker areas of the photograph.
? Pixel: This is a small dot in a digital image. Thousands of pixels constitute the entire digital photograph.
? Purple Fringing: This is the unwanted purple ‘outline’ that appears around areas of high contrast
? RAW: These are files of the actual data take from the cameras’ image sensor. These have not been processed at all by the camera.
? Resolution: This is a measure of the number of pixels on a sensor. ‘Mega pixels’ is the measure of resolution of the digital cameras.
? Secure Digital (SD) memory card: This is a type memory card used to store images, with a capacity ranging from 128mb to 4GB.
? Sensor: This is the electronic chip, which is placed in the digital camera to record the image.
? Shutter Delay: This refers to the time lapse between pressing the shutter button and the image being captured.
? Shutter Speed: This is the speed at which pictures are captured
? Single Lens Reflex (SLR): This is a particular design of cameras wherein the photographer is required to directly look through the lens when taking a photograph.
? Stereoscopic photography: This is a method of producing 3D images from 2D photography.
? Tagged Image File Format (TIFF): This is a type of lossless file format
? Extreme Digital (xD) memory card: This is a small memory card, which was introduced two companies: Fuji and Olympus

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In order to become perfect in anything, it is important to practice. The same rule applies to the art of photography. In fact, from the moment one buys a camera, one should begin practicing at social events and festivals, in order to understand the basics. Usually such events prove to be perfect training ground for the amateur photographer. One can go through the manuals and other literature that provide digital photography techniques.

In fact, one can start clicking pictures during one of the colorful festivals celebrated during the year. Festivals are those times in the when nobody shies away from letting their hair down and having fun. Young and old, alike, enjoy the festive season, exchanging gifts and decorating the house for a family get together. Capturing the festive mood becomes an integral part of the celebration.

In order to become perfect in anything, it is important to practice. The same rule applies to the art of photography. In fact, from the moment one buys a camera, one should begin practicing at social events and festivals, in order to understand the basics. Usually such events prove to be perfect training ground for the amateur photographer. One can go through the manuals and other literature that provide digital photography techniques.

In fact, one can start clicking pictures during one of the colorful festivals celebrated during the year. Festivals are those times in the when nobody shies away from letting their hair down and having fun. Young and old, alike, enjoy the festive season, exchanging gifts and decorating the house for a family get together. Capturing the festive mood becomes an integral part of the celebration.

Given here are some tips on how one can make most of such occasions to get some magical moments clicked with the digital camera:

• When taking family pictures around the table, while they are enjoying their meal, don’t shoot through a maze of bottles and glasses. Stand on a small stool for an elevated vantage shot.
• Kneel down in the subjects are sitting; this brings the camera lens down to the eye level so you can see their eyes.
• Avoid making the flash glint off spectacle lenses. If need be, switch off your flash and use the room lights or sunshine outdoors to illuminate the subjects.
• Don’t take pictures of the people while they are eating. Bulging cheeks and crumbs on the lips are not very flattering.
• For pictures of a group raising their glasses in celebration, see that the group is comfortably placed in the frame.
• Stand back and switch to panoramic or wide-angle mode.
• Make sure to get the maximum from the flash.

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Photography in the last ten years has seen great advancements, where technology and technique is concerned. While some experts are of the opinion that not much more can be achieved, there are others in the field of manufacturing, who are constantly researching and attempting to invent something more advanced than the last camera they have launched in the market. However, the main aspect is that a vast majority of photographers have shifted from the traditional film cameras to the digital photographs. And yet, there are general consumers and amateur photographers who are not aware about what is digita photography.

To answer this question, given here is a list of reasons as to why this is preferred format of photographing in comparison to the traditional analogue film methods…

• The cost factor: Every picture click by a film camera requires one to incur the cost of a film roll as well as its development. And what’s more… one also has to spend on photographs they may not just want, because the entire roll needs to be developed. On the other hand where digital cameras are concerned, one can select which image they need printed, and simply leave the others either in a folder in the computer or in any other storage device, or the simply leave the image on the memory card of the camera
• The Time factor: In case one needs to send pictures to someone live in another country, they can do so almost instantly after clicking the picture with their digital camera. This is because the image can be transferred from camera to computer as soon as it is clicked, and then printed with color digital printer or emailed. This is not possible in the film camera, as one needs to wait for the entire roll to get over, or then waste the remaining part of the roll and then send it to be developed in a photo-lab. That costs more time and effort than using any of the compact digital cameras.
• The Learning factor: It is pretty much easy operating a digital camera and then processing the images. In fact, one has more control over the quality of the image if one knows how to use the various imaging software. In the case of filming, learning the process of film-to-print could be rather tedious. And sometimes during this process images can actually get ruined.
• The Size factor: Digital cameras are available varied sizes, from something rather heavy and bulky to the small pocket size cameras. There are also the novelty digital cameras in various colors and so girls can have their pick of their favorite pink digital cameras, and children can get one with their favorite animation character (subject to availability).
• The Life Span factor: The life span of digital images far out do that of the film prints. This is because of the varied storage methods of the digital images. On the other hand film prints tend to fade as time passes by, and negatives tend to weather in time.

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Every expert looks out for ways in which he/she can better themselves in the field. And so, any new literature in the area of tips and guiding notes are always welcome. So is also the case with digital photography. Even the maestros who dish out expert advice look out for new age tips from the novice photographers, who may have just discovered something new.

Given here are some tips fro digital photography provided by some experts in the field:

• Advisably one should purchase a camera that has been around for at least 6 months to a year, and has been reviewed by a number of people. There are two advantages for this:
o The price will be lower than what it was when introduced in the market
o One will know the faults and advantages of the camera, before investing

• One should thoroughly go through all the literature regarding the comparison of best digital cameras to ensure that one is getting worth one’s money and not being misled.
• It is important for one to first be aware of why they want to purchase a digital camera. Is it generally for personal use? Then one need buy digital cameras that belong to the high-end of the product range chart. The cheaper consumer selection would serve the purpose well enough. However, if one is looking towards seriously pursuing a hobby or career then it should be one amongst the top digital cameras.
Here are some creative tips for the digital photographers:
• Be aware of the shutter delay and accordingly when taking a picture of a person or group of people prepare them for a shot by giving the proper count in keeping with the shutter delay speed.
• For outdoor shots there are two golden hours per day when one can get the ideal shots. These are:
o One hour post sunrise
o One hour prior to sunset
• When clicking a photograph crop all that is not required, this will save the pixels wasted in unnecessary backgrounds and edges, there by providing better pictures of the subject/object
• When taking photographs, hold the camera close to the body, rather than at arms’ length, as this will provide steadiness in clicking pictures. The elbows should be tucked comfortably into the sides of the stomach, and while clicking one shold breathe out.
• Experiment with various photographing angles to produce some creative images
• For black and white prints, use the image editing software instead of the black and white mode on the camera.
• In case the digital image lacks in color saturation then increase the contrast in the software, rather than using the saturation control.
In case of accidents with the camera:

• In case the digital camera has fallen into water then simply remove the batteries and memory card before doing anything else
• Then go onto drying the camera with a towel and leave it in a warm corner.
• When the camera, batteries and memory card is all dry then fit in the battery and the card. Remember to download the images onto the computer before fitting back the memory card into the camera.

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A common complain amongst the amateur photographers using the old-fashioned film cameras is that their photographs have been ruined when given for processing to the photo studio. It is so typical to have one ever so often walk out with a pile of prints with distorted images. And what’s more its usually those photos which one has been so eager to frame that comes out really bad. And the attendant at the counter simply says: “I am so sorry, but the film got overexposed.”

That is one scenario. Another is photographers using the film cameras end up producing photographs with the head cut-off or the body cut off, or then a person missing from the frame. And there, what could have been pleasant memories stored, have become frustrating frames to be thrown. However, all this can be averted with the use digital cameras. In fact, one gets to see their images instantly, and can re-click a photograph there and then.

In fact, as an amateur photographer, one faces a lot of difficulties taking pictures, and there are when even the simple action of clicking a button on the camera becomes a nightmare. So often one is left wondering whether one’s hands were steady, or if all the subjects were fitted in the frame. However, today’s world of the digital image has eradicated all these problems. The digital cameras and the computers have helped all photographers produce the best of images.

Here are some reasons why more and more people are opting for the digital way of photography and imaging:

• Digital imaging is changing the way the world looks at pictures
• Computers and new imaging software have completely changed the way pictures are captured, modified and stored
• Digital imaging transfers the refinement and manipulation of the subject from the camera to the computer
• Anything is possible with the digital images
• Digital imaging gives instant images that are not only high quality, but also lower cost at low volumes, too.
• The digital images can be sent almost instantly to anyone, anywhere in the world, as long as they are connected via the Internet

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For most the traditional film photography was one tedious process. First waiting for the entire roll to be completed, which would sometimes take months and then spending on developing the entire roll, with the probability that the photograph one really wants could have been damaged in the lab or for other reasons. So, for most people it was fingers crossed situation when giving their rolls for development.

This entire problem has been done away with the digital photographs. Firstly, for printing digital photographs, one need not wait to reach the end of the memory card. In fact, as soon as it is clicked the image can be downloaded on a computer, edited and printed on any of the color printers, though a digital printer is preferred. These pictures can be printed at home, or then at a photo-studio.

Many prefer to print their own photographs, however, it is not such a cost effective idea, as printing images on photographic paper consumes a lot of ink and considering the cost of every cartridge, it could be rather expensive. Yes, one odd image here and there can do no harm, otherwise a standard postcard size photograph can be printed for Rs. 8 to Rs. 12 at studio, whereas could cost up to Rs. 50 to Rs. 90 at home, depending on the ink consumption and the paper quality.

One can print digital photographs using the three color, plus black printers. However, for the best of results one should ideally select the six-color, plus black printer. Also the paper one needs is coated photographic paper, which prevent feathering of the print. One needs to also wait patiently while the print process is on, as it is not the same as printing any word document. It takes time for the printer to record the image and then provide the final print.

This entire process is better managed at a photo studio, as they have top-of-the-rank printing machines that work faster. Because they deal in bulk where paper and ink is concerned, the costs incurred is less than that of the at-home-printers and so they can price each print at as low as Rs. 8 (postcard size).

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Digital photography is influencing the way and the speed at which people can communicate across the world. Take for instance the matrimonial services. Earlier it took weeks for one to send their latest picture across to the prospective life partner who resided in a different country. Whereas, today it is a matter of minutes. One can simply click a picture, upload and email it almost instantly.

In fact, there is no cost involved in uploading pictures. And this kind of service has actually helped many families cope with the distances between other members of the family living abroad. For instance, a studying abroad can upload his pictures and interact with his mother, who sees the pictures and feels as close to him as if he is with her. It is no more mere typed words on the screen. And so the bond and closeness remains, no matter how far one maybe.

Sometimes people require rarely found pictures to complete their projects. This is no more a difficult task, as there are forums where people upload their collection of all kinds of images and are willing to exchange pictures at no cost at all. For instance, one has to work on a project on vintage cars, on can visit a forum set up by car enthusiasts and set a request for the image. Surely, someone or the other would be of help.

There are people, who set up on line friends groups and post pictures of their outings and fun times. This is, in fact, a common trend amongst friends living abroad. They upload the images of all the good and memorable times they have so that they can share it with their friends back home.

Uploading digital photographs is not difficult at all. For this one needs to follow the steps given below:

• Download the images from the camera to the computer
• In case of old picture prints, one can scan them onto the computer
• Install the image uploader software from a image uploading site
• Check the resolution of the pictures they permit, and accordingly edit the images to size, with the help of the digital image editing software
• Then follow the instructions to upload the images, one by one
• All uploading zones provide the option of captioning images and grouping them
• The image uploading sites provide the option of publicly sharing the photos, or maintaining control over who can view the images
• One can then email the link to friends and family so that they can view the images

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We maybe living in a world that is technologically advanced, but in every avenue of life one is inundated with a number of myths. Most experts feel that those who get carried away by the myths are either far to naïve or then simply lack intelligence. Whatever maybe the situation, one needs to clarify the myths and bring people into the know-how of their ignorance.

Given here are the common myths about digital photography, along with a clarification for each:
• A digital photograph is not better than a film photo: The fact is that a digital photographer has more control over the kind of digital output he is generating and so the images tend to be better. Also, after clicking the pictures the digital photographer downloads the images onto a computer and further enhances them with the image editing software, which is not possible with the film images.
• The digital cameras are big, bulky and heavy: There are a wide variety of cameras. While there are the heavy and rough-use options for the professional photographers, there are the small and light options with up-to-the-mark functions for the amateurs and general photographers. These cameras also produce optimum image quality.
• Digital cameras are slow to function: Initially, the digital cameras were slower than the film cameras. But over the years, manufacturers have been able to create faster machines. And today, speed is not a matter of concern, so to speak.
• Digital photography is an expensive option: This was a matter of concern in the initial stage. However, today, digital photography is getting cheaper with each passing year. And the matter of convenience over the old-fashioned film processing photography tends to override the cost factor.
• Transferring pictures to a computer is a long process: This is not true. In fact, the USB or FireWire memory card reader definitely makes for rapid transfers to the computer. There are cards that transfer 3-4 JPEG photos of high resolution within a second.
• It is difficult to view and edit digital images: In fact, the image editing software are easy to use. Even children learn how to use these very easily.
• It is difficult to print digital images: These images can be printed at home… is that really difficult?
• The digital image prints are not as good as prints from film images: One cannot actually tell the difference between the two, where print quality is concerned, as the paper and ink for printing is the same.
• It is difficult to organize and store digital images: There are software that help organize files and folders, as well as caption each image.

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The field of digital imaging is diverse, exciting and challenging. Diverse, because it is huge. Diverse because it follows the maxim: “If you can dream it, you can click it.” And what’s more? In the good old days, once the picture was clicked that was the end of manipulation with the subject, apart from the handful of tricks used by some developers and printers. The professional photographer had to be content with things like lighting, hues, sharpness and other parameters within the old world of photography.

Photograph restoration is one of the prime functions of digital imaging. It is a form of image manipulation that rectifies the various damages done to an image or photograph over a period of time. This form of digital imaging can extend the manipulation of the subject from the old print to the computer.

So, a digital darkroom – the computer – is really quite a miraculous aspect of digital image rectification. Take for instance, if the lighting in the original photograph is too low, then one can simply increase it on the scanned image with the use of the image editing software. One can actually play with aspects such as lighting, saturation, colors and much more.

One can remove subjects from the old photograph that needs to be restored, as well as add other subjects, or merge two old photographs into one. Also, over a period of time the print tends to fade and by the method of restoring the photo, it can be made to look as good new. All stains and marks can also be removed from the old pictures.

Once the pictures are restored, the images are stored in digital format on a computer or media like floppies or compact discs, ensuring life long non-deteriorating digital quality of images. In fact, the restoration of old and new images ensures that one can bring back old and cherished memories to enjoy them not only during one’s lifetimes, but also for generations to come.

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The field of digital imaging is diverse, exciting and challenging. Diverse, because it is huge. Diverse because it follows the maxim: “If you can dream it, you can click it.” And what’s more? In the good old days, once the picture was clicked that was the end of manipulation with the subject, apart from the handful of tricks used by some developers and printers. The professional photographer had to be content with things like lighting, hues, sharpness and other parameters within the old world of photography.

The field of digital imaging is diverse, exciting and challenging. Diverse, because it is huge. Diverse because it follows the maxim: “If you can dream it, you can click it.” And what’s more? In the good old days, once the picture was clicked that was the end of manipulation with the subject, apart from the handful of tricks used by some developers and printers. The professional photographer had to be content with things like lighting, hues, sharpness and other parameters within the old world of photography.

Photograph restoration is one of the prime functions of digital imaging. It is a form of image manipulation that rectifies the various damages done to an image or photograph over a period of time. This form of digital imaging can extend the manipulation of the subject from the old print to the computer.

So, a digital darkroom – the computer – is really quite a miraculous aspect of digital image rectification. Take for instance, if the lighting in the original photograph is too low, then one can simply increase it on the scanned image with the use of the image editing software. One can actually play with aspects such as lighting, saturation, colors and much more.

One can remove subjects from the old photograph that needs to be restored, as well as add other subjects, or merge two old photographs into one. Also, over a period of time the print tends to fade and by the method of restoring the photo, it can be made to look as good new. All stains and marks can also be removed from the old pictures.

Once the pictures are restored, the images are stored in digital format on a computer or media like floppies or compact discs, ensuring life long non-deteriorating digital quality of images. In fact, the restoration of old and new images ensures that one can bring back old and cherished memories to enjoy them not only during one’s lifetimes, but also for generations to come.

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